{"id":1208,"date":"2024-01-18T21:08:07","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T15:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208"},"modified":"2024-01-18T21:08:25","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T15:38:25","slug":"meaning-rights-conferred-terms-first-owner-of-copyright-law-notes-law-tribune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208","title":{"rendered":"Meaning , Rights conferred , Terms &amp; First Owner of Copyright \u2013 Law Notes \u2013 Law Tribune"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Section 14 of \u2018The Copyright Act, 1957\u2019, elaborates on <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">meaning of copyright.<\/mark> <\/strong>It states as,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">For the purposes of this Act, <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">&#8220;Copyright&#8221; means the exclusive right<\/mark><\/strong> subject to the provisions of this Act<strong>, to do<\/strong> or <strong>authorize the doing<\/strong> of any of the following acts <em>in respect of a<\/em> <em>work or any substantial part<\/em> thereof, namely :-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#A_in_the_case_of_a_literary_dramatic_or_musical_work_not_being_a_computer_programme\" >A) in the case of a literary, dramatic or musical work not being a computer programme-<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#What_is_the_right_of_communication_to_the_public_as_per_Copyright_Act\" >What is the right of communication to the public as per Copyright Act ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#What_is_the_right_of_reproduction_as_per_the_Copyright_Act\" >What is the right of reproduction as per the Copyright Act ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#B_In_the_case_of_a_computer_programme\" >B)&nbsp;In the case of a computer programme-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#C_In_the_case_of_an_artistic_work\" >C)&nbsp;In the case of an artistic work-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#D_In_the_case_of_a_cinematograph_film\" >D)&nbsp;In the case of a cinematograph film-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#E_In_the_case_of_a_sound_recording\" >E) In the case of a sound recording-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#Rights_Conferred_by_Copyright\" >Rights Conferred by Copyright<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#Economic_Rights\" >Economic Rights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#Moral_Rights\" >Moral Rights\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#First_Owner_of_Copyright\" >First Owner of Copyright<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#TERM_OF_COPYRIGHT\" >TERM OF COPYRIGHT<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#1_Term_of_copyright_in_published_literary_dramatic_musical_and_artistic_works%E2%80%94\" >1. Term of copyright in published literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works.\u2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#2_Term_of_copyright_in_anonymous_and_pseudonymous_works%E2%80%94\" >2. Term of copyright in anonymous and pseudonymous works.\u2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#3_Term_of_copyright_in_cinematograph_films%E2%80%94\" >3. Term of copyright in cinematograph films.\u2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#4_Term_of_copyright_in_sound_recording%E2%80%94\" >4. Term of copyright in sound recording.\u2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1208\/#5_Term_of_copyright_in_Government_works%E2%80%94\" >5. Term of copyright in Government works.\u2014<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_in_the_case_of_a_literary_dramatic_or_musical_work_not_being_a_computer_programme\"><\/span><strong>A)<\/strong> <strong>in the case of a literary, dramatic or musical work not being a computer programme-<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>i)<\/strong> to <em>reproduce<\/em> the work in any material form including the storing of it in any medium by electronic means,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ii)<\/strong> to issue copies of the work to the public not being copies already in circulation,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iii)<\/strong>&nbsp;to perform the work in public, or <em>communicate it to the public<\/em>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iv)<\/strong> to make any cinematograph film or sound recording in respect of the work,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>v<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> to make any translation of the work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>vi)<\/strong> to make any adaptation of the work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>vii)<\/strong>&nbsp;to do, in relation to a translation or an adaptation of the work, any of the acts specified in relation to the work in sub clauses (I) to (vi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_right_of_communication_to_the_public_as_per_Copyright_Act\"><\/span><strong>What is the right of communication to the public as per Copyright Act ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Communication to the public means making any work available for being seen or heard or otherwise enjoyed by the public directly or by any means of display or diffusion. It is not necessary that any member of the public actually sees, hears or otherwise enjoys the work so made available. For example, a cable operator may transmit a cinematograph film, which no member of the public may see. Still it is a communication to the public. The fact that the work in question is accessible to the public is enough to say that the work is communicated to the public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_right_of_reproduction_as_per_the_Copyright_Act\"><\/span><strong>What is the right of reproduction as per the Copyright Act ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The right of reproduction commonly means that no person shall make one or more copies of a work or of a substantial part of it in any material form including sound and film recording without the permission of the copyright owner. The most common kind of reproduction is printing an edition of a work. Reproduction occurs in storing of a work in the computer memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_In_the_case_of_a_computer_programme\"><\/span><strong>B)<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>In the case of a computer programme-<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>i)<\/strong> to do any of the acts specified in clause (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ii)<\/strong> to sell or give on hire, or offer for sale or hire, any copy of the computer programme, regardless of whether such copy has been sold or given on hire on earlier occasions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"C_In_the_case_of_an_artistic_work\"><\/span><strong>C)<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>In the case of an artistic work-<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>i)<\/strong> to reproduce the work in any material form including, storing in any medium by electronic or other means, depiction in three dimensions of a two dimensional work or in two dimensions of a three dimensional work,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ii)<\/strong> to communicate the work to the public<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iii)<\/strong> to issue copies of the work to the public not being copies already in circulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iv)<\/strong>&nbsp;to include the work in any cinematograph film,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>v)<\/strong>&nbsp;to make any adaptation of the work &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>vi)<\/strong> to do in relation to an adaptation of the work any of the acts specified in relation to the work in sub clauses (i) to (iv)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"D_In_the_case_of_a_cinematograph_film\"><\/span><strong>D)<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>In the case of a cinematograph film-<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>i)<\/strong> To make a copy of the film, including a photograph of any image forming part thereof; or, storing of it in any medium by electronic or other means;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ii)&nbsp;To sell or give on commercial rental or offer for sale or such rental, any copy of the film;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>iii)&nbsp;To communicate the film to the public<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E_In_the_case_of_a_sound_recording\"><\/span><strong>E)<\/strong> <strong>In the case of a sound recording-<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>i)<\/strong>&nbsp;to make any other sound recording embodying it, including storing of it in any medium by electronic or other means;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ii)<\/strong>&nbsp;To sell or give on commercial rental or offer for sale or such rental, any copy of the film;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iii)<\/strong>&nbsp;to communicate the sound recording to the public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Explanation<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8211; For the purposes of this section, a copy which has been sold once shall be deemed to be a copy already in circulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rights_Conferred_by_Copyright\"><\/span><strong>Rights Conferred by Copyright<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"783\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1209\" style=\"width:705px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-9.png 783w, https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-9-300x69.png 300w, https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/image-9-768x177.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 783px) 100vw, 783px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Rights\"><\/span><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Economic Rights <\/mark><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The owner of a copyright may exploit the work himself or licence others to exploit any one or more of the rights for a consideration in the form of royalty or a lump sum payments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moral_Rights\"><\/span><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><strong>Moral Rights\u00a0<\/strong><\/mark><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The author of a work has also got certain rights called \u201cmoral rights. These are<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. The right of publication :<\/strong> The right to decide whether or not to publish the work<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. The right of paternity :<\/strong> The right to claim authorship of a published or exhibited work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. The right of integrity : <\/strong>The right to prevent alteration and other actions that may damage the author\u2019s honour or reputation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These rights remain with the author even after the transfer of copyright and protection lasts during the whole of the copyright term. If the author desires to transfer these rights also he can do so specifically in writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These rights may be excercised by the legal representative of the author<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"First_Owner_of_Copyright\"><\/span><strong><u>First Owner of Copyright<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> Copyright is a&nbsp;<em>very <\/em>unique right, a right which exists immediately upon its creation.&nbsp;Therefore, this right is very closely associated with the author of the work.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> In certain kinds of work, the author is considered as the first owner of the work, whereas in certain other kinds of work the producer of the work is considered as the first author of the work. It is therefore significant that there should be written assignment or other documents in place so that copyright is properly acquired from the author of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong> Section 17 of the Copyright Act, 1957 concerns the first owner for each of the work concerned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong> In the case of a literary, artistic, dramatic or musical work, the author is the first owner of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.<\/strong> In the case of a a photograph, sculpture, drawing including architectural drawings, plan or engraving, the author is the first owner of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6.<\/strong> In the case of cinematographic work, the producer is the first owner of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.<\/strong> In the case of sound recording, the producer is the first owner of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8.<\/strong> Where any of the above work, viz. literary, dramatic, artistic work or photographs have been instituted by any person <strong>under a contract<\/strong>, such person is the first owner of the work for the purpose for which the contract was entered into.&nbsp; For all other purposes, the author shall be the first owner of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9.<\/strong> For a work created by any employee in the <strong>course of employment<\/strong>, the employer is the first owner of the work.&nbsp; The words &#8220;<em>in the course of<\/em>&#8221; have been subject of intense confrontation when the employee asserts that the work was not created during the employment.&nbsp;Similarly, work created by a partner during the course of his business shall vest in the partnership.&nbsp;A draft prepared by a lawyer during the course of his employment or engagement in a firm vest in the law firm or employer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10. <\/strong>In the case of a work created under a Contract of service the first owner is the person who has instituted the service.&nbsp; It is akin to an employee \u2013 employer relationship, where the employer has full control over the object of the work as well as the manner in which it is to be achieved.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whereas in the case of a work created under a Contract for service, the first owner is the author.&nbsp;Under this, the author has the discretion to adopt means for execution of a work.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The difference in treatment for the two works is on account of the discretion in the author while creating the work.&nbsp; Hence, the first owner is also different in certain circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>11. <\/strong>In the case of speech delivered in public, the person who has delivered such address is the first owner of the work irrespective of the same being delivered as an employee or when it is arranged by another person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>12.<\/strong> Shorthand writer : If a writer takes down some matter word for words dictated by a person, the person who dictated the matter is the author and copywrite owner of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>13. <\/strong>Examination question papers : Copyright in examination question papers, is vested in the papersetter who is the author and not in the Board of Examination or authority for whom the question papers are set.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>14.<\/strong> Employee teacher : If a employee teacher writes a text book on the subject he teaches, he is the author of the work and is entitled to the copyright. Because he is employed to teach and not to write text book.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>15.<\/strong> Collective works : Collective work include encyclopaedia, dictionary, newspaper etc where works by different authors are incorporated. The first owner of the copyright in a collective work as a whole is the person who has collected, edited and organised the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>16.<\/strong> Plan : A plan of building or structure remains with the architect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TERM_OF_COPYRIGHT\"><\/span><strong><u>TERM OF COPYRIGHT<\/u><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Term_of_copyright_in_published_literary_dramatic_musical_and_artistic_works%E2%80%94\"><\/span><strong>1. Term of copyright in published literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works.\u2014<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Copyright shall subsist in any literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work published within the lifetime of the author until <strong>sixty years<\/strong> from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(<em>Explanation.<\/em>\u2014 In this section the reference to the author shall, in the case of a work of joint authorship, be construed as a reference to the author who dies last.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Term_of_copyright_in_anonymous_and_pseudonymous_works%E2%80%94\"><\/span><strong>2. Term of copyright in anonymous and pseudonymous works.<\/strong>\u2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work (other than a photograph), which is published anonymously or pseudonymously, copyright shall subsist until sixty years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the work is first published:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Provided that where the identity of the author is disclosed before the expiry of the said period, copyright shall subsist until sixty years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Term_of_copyright_in_cinematograph_films%E2%80%94\"><\/span><strong>3. Term of copyright in cinematograph films.<\/strong>\u2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of a cinematograph film, copyright shall subsist until sixty years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the film is published.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Term_of_copyright_in_sound_recording%E2%80%94\"><\/span><strong>4. Term of copyright in sound recording.<\/strong>\u2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of a sound recording copyright shall subsist until sixty years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the sound recording is published.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Term_of_copyright_in_Government_works%E2%80%94\"><\/span><strong>5. Term of copyright in Government works.<\/strong>\u2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of a Government work, where Government is the first owner of the copyright therein, copyright shall subsist until sixty years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the work is first published.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thus it may be seen that, in case of literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works where the author is a natural person the term is lifetime plus sixty years.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In all other cases, the term is sixty years from the year of publication<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Section 14 of \u2018The Copyright Act, 1957\u2019, elaborates on meaning of copyright. 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