{"id":1526,"date":"2025-03-24T22:00:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T16:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526"},"modified":"2025-03-24T22:00:27","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T16:30:27","slug":"children-and-the-indian-constitution-law-relating-to-women-and-children-law-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526","title":{"rendered":"Children and the Indian Constitution-Law Relating to Women and Children-Law Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_153\" >Article 15(3)\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Art_151\" >Art 15(1)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_21\" >Article 21<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_21A\" >Article 21(A)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_51-Ak\" >Article 51-A(k)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_23\" >Article 23<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_24\" >Article 24<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_39e\" >Article 39(e)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_39f\" >Article 39(f)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\/#Article_45\" >Article 45<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_153\"><\/span>Article 15(3)\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 15(3) : Children and the Indian Constitution\u00a0: The Constitution of India has conferred enabling powers on the State to make special provisions for children under this Article. It provides that, nothing in this Article shall prevent the state to make special provisions for women &amp; children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Women and children are most vulnerable sections of the society. Further the interests of women and children are inter-connected and they cannot be separated especially at the stage of child bearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Women are provided maternity leave and other relief\u2019s for the protection of children and law made to this effect will not infringe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Art_151\"><\/span>Art 15(1) <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 15(1) i.e. no discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, Place of birth or any of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_21\"><\/span>Article 21<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 21 : The children are equally protected like others by the provisions of law laid down under Article 21 of the Constitution meant for the protection of life and personal liberty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_21A\"><\/span>Article 21(A) <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 21-A&nbsp;: Constitution 86<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;amendment has added a new article, Article 21-A and has made education for all children of the age of 6 yrs to 14 yrs a fundamental right. It provides that, \u201cthe State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age 6 to 14 yrs in such manner as the State may, by law, determine\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_51-Ak\"><\/span>Article 51-A(k)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 51-A(k)&nbsp;: It is a fundamental duty of every citizen who is parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child, or as the case may be ward, between the age of 6 to 14 yrs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_23\"><\/span>Article 23<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 23&nbsp;: Prohibition of \u201cTraffic in Human Beings\u201d and other similar forms of forced forced labour &amp; any contravention : offence punishable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_24\"><\/span>Article 24<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 24\u00a0: Prohibits employment of children below 14 yrs of age in factories and hazardous employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_39e\"><\/span>Article 39(e)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 39(e)&nbsp;: State shall direct its policy towards securing the health and strength of workers, men, women, and the children of tender age will not be abused and that they will not be forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age and strength.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_39f\"><\/span>Article 39(f)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 39(f)&nbsp;: States that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment (\u0928\u0948\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0930\u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092c\u093e\u092c\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0938\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0935\u0947.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Article_45\"><\/span>Article 45<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 45&nbsp;: The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><u><em>M.C. Mehta v. State of TN <\/em><\/u><\/em>(1991) : The SC has held that, in view of Article 39(e) &amp; (f), the employment of children within match factories directly connected with the manufacturing process matches and fireworks cannot be allowed as it is hazardous. Children can, however, be employed in the process of manufacturing to avoid exposure to accidents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><u><em>People\u2019s Union for Democratic Rights v. UOI<\/em><\/u><\/em>&nbsp;(1983) : The SC held that, the construction work is hazardous employment and therefore under Article 24, no child below the age of 14 yrs can be employed in construction work even if construction industry is not specified in the schedule to the Employment of Children\u2019s Act, 1938<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><u><em>M.C. Mehta v. State of TN <\/em><\/u><\/em>(1997) : PIL under Article 32 Mr. M.C. Mehta contended the plight (\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0925\u0940) of children engaged in Shivkashi Cracker factories, which is violative of Article 24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The SC directed setting up of Child Labour Rehabilitation Welfare Fund and asked the offending employer to pay for each child a compensation of Rs. 20,000\/- to be deposited in the fund and suggested a number of measures to rehabilitate them in the phased manner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><u><em>Dubar Goala v. UOI<\/em><\/u><\/em>\u00a0: The Calcutta HC has held that, although it has not been expressly mentioned in Article 23, slavery also includes \u201ctraffic in human beings. Article 23 authorises Parliament to make laws for punishing acts prohibited by this Article. In pursuance of this Article, Parliament passed \u201c The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Unni Krishnan v. State of AP<\/em> (1993) : (Ref old Article 45 :\u00a0The State shall endeavour to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The SC held that, Article 45 has acquired the status of a fundamental right. The court held that, every child of the country has a right to free eduction until he completes the age of 14 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article 15(3)\u00a0 Article 15(3) : Children and the Indian Constitution\u00a0: The Constitution of India has conferred enabling powers on the<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-law-relating-to-women-and-children"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Children and the Indian Constitution-Law Relating to Women and Children-Law Notes - Law Tribune<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1526\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Children and the Indian Constitution-Law Relating to Women and Children-Law Notes - 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