{"id":1599,"date":"2025-12-28T08:58:22","date_gmt":"2025-12-28T03:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1599"},"modified":"2025-12-28T09:15:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T03:45:33","slug":"digital-signature-law-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1599","title":{"rendered":"Digital Signature, Authentication of Digital Signature-Law Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1599\/#Introduction\" >Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1599\/#Asymetric_Cryptography\" >Asymetric Cryptography<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1599\/#Digital_Signature\" >Digital Signature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1599\/#Certifying_authority_to_issue_Digital_Signature_Certificate\" >Certifying authority to issue Digital Signature Certificate<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction  <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before knowing the digital signature, it is necessary to know what traditional signature is and it\u2019s purpose. Historically, a signature is any mark or name written by a person differently \u00a0which is intended to be the evidence that it is theirs only. A signature has evidentiary value which authenticates a writing by identifying the person signing the signed document. A signature expresses the approval or authorisation by a person signing of the writing, or his intention that it have a legal effect. A signature on document often conveys a clarity and finality to the transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Information Technology Act, 2000 provides for use of \u2018Electronic Signatures\u2019 on the documents submitted in electronic form in order to ensure the security and authenticity of the documents filed electronically. A digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic documents like mails, files containing texts are authentic. A digital signature is asymmetric cryptography,&nbsp;also known as&nbsp;public key cryptography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Asymetric_Cryptography\"><\/span>Asymetric Cryptography<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For understanding what asymetric cryptography is, let\u2019s understand few words<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keys <\/strong>: Keys are used to create digital signatures. For every signature, there are two types of keys<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Private key<\/strong> is used to actually sign message and is protected by a password<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Public Key<\/strong> is available to other people. This is the key which other people can use to check our signature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Encryption and Decryption<\/strong>\u00a0:  Encryption\u00a0is the process of converting a normal message (plain text) into a meaningless message (ciphertext).\u00a0Decryption\u00a0is the process of converting a meaningless message (ciphertext) into its original form (plaintext).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cryptography\u00a0<\/strong>: It\u00a0is the process of hiding or coding information so that only\u00a0the person to whom the message is sent can read it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Asymmetric encryption<\/strong> : Asymmetric encryption uses\u00a0pair of keys for encryption and decryption  a public key and a private key. If the public key is used for encryption, then the related private key is used for decryption. If the private key is used for encryption, then the related public key is used for decryption.\u00a0Asymmetric cryptosystem operates in two ways. What is encrypted by the public key can be decrypted by the private key and what is encrypted by by the private key can be decrypted by the public key.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Digital_Signature\"><\/span>Digital Signature<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A digital signature can be defined as short unit of data that bears a mathematical relationship to the data in the document\u2019s context and provides assurance to the recipient that the data is authentic. The term \u2018electronic signature\u2019 is sometimes used generally including all legally recognizable signatures. An electronic signature thus includes digtal signature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Section 2(ta) <\/strong>of The Information Technology Act, 2000 defines \u201celectronic signature\u201dwhich\u00a0means authentication of any electronic record by a subscriber by means of the electronic technique specified in the Second Schedule and includes digital signature;\u00a0and<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Section 2(p)<\/strong> defines \u201cdigital signature\u201d which\u00a0means authentication of any electronic record by a subscriber by means of an electronic method or procedure in accordance with the provisions of section 3;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Section 3. <\/strong>Authentication of electronic records.\u2013(1) Subject to the provisions of this section any subscriber may authenticate an electronic record by affixing his digital signature. (2) The authentication of the electronic record shall be effected by the use of asymmetric crypto system and hash function which envelop and transform the initial electronic record into another electronic record. For the purposes of this sub-section, \u2015(hash function means an algorithm mapping or translation of one sequence of bits into another, generally smaller, set known as \u2019hash result\u2019. In simple words, hash function is\u00a0like a unique digital fingerprint generator.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Digital signature can also be defined as a data which accompanies a digitally encoded message and which can be used to authenticate originator as well as message. In this case one sysytem generates digital signature with its private key which is then verified by its public key by another system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Difference between handwritten signature and digital signature<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The handwritten signature is constant, same or similar on every document, while digital signature will be different for every message.                                                                                                                                                    The handwritten signature can be forged while the digital signature cannot be duplicated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Electronic Commerce Act, 1988, India also provides that, with limited exceptions, electronic records and signatures should be accorded the same treatment as paper records and signature for purpose of complying with statutory writing signature evidentiary and record-keeping requirements. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Section 5. Legal recognition of digital signatures. \u2013\u00a0<\/strong>Where any law provides that information or any other matter shall be authenticated by affixing the signature or any document shall be signed or bear the signature of any person, then, notwithstanding anything contained in such law, such requirement shall be deemed to have been satisfied if such information or matter is authenticated by means of digital signature affixed in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.\u00a0\u00a0                                       <strong>Explanation.-<\/strong>\u00a0For the purposes of this section, &#8220;signed&#8221;, with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, shall, with reference to a person, means affixing of his hand written signature or any mark on any document and the expression &#8220;signature&#8221; shall be construed accordingly.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Certifying_authority_to_issue_Digital_Signature_Certificate\"><\/span>Certifying authority to issue Digital Signature Certificate<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Section 35 provides that,\u00a0Certifying authority to issue Digital Signature Certificate :\u2013 <\/strong>Any person may make an application to the Certifying Authority for the issue of a Digital Signature Certificate in such form as may be prescribed by the Central Government, alongwith prescribed fees. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0                           On receipt of an application under sub-section, the Certifying Authority may, after consideration of the certification practice statement or the other statement as prescribed,\u00a0and after making such enquiries as it may deem fit, grant the Digital Signature Certificate or for reasons to be recorded in writing, reject the application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Before knowing the digital signature, it is necessary to know what traditional signature is and it\u2019s purpose. Historically, a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contract-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Digital Signature, Authentication of Digital Signature-Law Notes - Law Tribune<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lawtribune.in\/?p=1599\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital Signature, Authentication of Digital Signature-Law Notes - Law Tribune\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction Before knowing the digital signature, it is necessary to know what traditional signature is and it\u2019s purpose. 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